Mediterranean diet and quality of life: Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial

We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55–70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life.This project is funded by the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) granted to MAM-G, the Spanish Ministry of Health - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) for the periods 2014-2016, 2015-2017, 2017-2019 and 2018-2020, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS grants lead by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/ 00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728 PI13/01090 PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01374, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI16/00743 PI16/00501, PI17/000508), by a Recercaixa grant 2013 (2013ACUP00194), by a grant from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013), and a SEMERGEN grant. None of these funding sources plays any role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data or in the decision to submit manuscripts for publication

Eficacia de un Programa Multidisciplinar de Gestión de Cuidados en Pacientes que Ingresan por Insuficiencia Cardiaca (ProMIC)

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de « ProMIC » , programa multidisciplinar de atención a pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), para reducir de la tasa de reingresos por IC. Dise ̃ no: Ensayo cuasiexperimental multicéntrico con grupo control. Emplazamiento: Doce centros de salud y 3 hospitales del País Vasco. Participantes: Pacientes mayores de 40 a ̃ nos ingresados por IC en situación funcional ii-iv de la New York Heart Association. Intervenciones: En los pacientes ProMIC se realizó una intervención clínica estructurada basada en las guías de práctica clínica y en el modelo de atención a la cronicidad. Los pacientes control recibieron cuidados habituales. Mediciones principales: Tasa de reingresos por IC y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Objective: To assess the efficacy of the ProMIC, multidisciplinary program for patients admitted at hospital because of heart failure (HF) programme, in reducing the HF-related readmission rate. Desing: Quasi-experimental research with control group. Settings: Twelve primary health care centres and 3 hospitals from the Basque Country. Participants: Aged 40 years old or above patients admitted for HF with a New York Heart Association functional class II to IV. Interventions: Patients in the intervention group carried out the ProMIC programme, a structured clinical intervention based on clinical guidelines and on the chronic care model. Control group received usual care. Main measurements: The rate of readmission for HF and health-related quality of life Results: One hundred fifty five patients were included in ProMIC group and 129 in control group. 45 rehospitalisation due to heart failure happened in ProMIC versus 75 in control group (adjusted hazard ratio=0.59, CI 95%:0.36-0.98; P=.049). There were significant differences in specific quality of Life al 6 months. No significant differences were found in rehospitalisation due to all causes, due to cardiovascular causes, visits to emergency room, mortality, the combined variable of these events, the functional capacity or quality of life at 12 months of follow up. Conclusions: ProMIC reduces significantly heart failure rehospitalisation and improve quality of life al 6 months of follow up. No significant differences were found in the rests of variables (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.Departamento de salud del Gobierno Vasco: N. o de expe- diente 2010111182 Bizkaia y N. o de expediente 2010111088 Araba. Fundación Vasca de Innovación e investigación sani- taria BIOEF: Expediente BIO10/EC/004

Empirically-derived food pattern and total ortality in the PREDIMED study

[Background]: There has been growing interest in the last years in assessing the relationship between diet and disease through the study of whole dietary patterris and not only focusing on single nutrients or foods. Though several studies have assessed the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns and different health outcomes, there is little evidence on post hoc dietary patterns and all cause mortality in Southern European populations.[Objective]: To identify the association between a posteriori defined major dietary patterns and total mortality in the PREDIMED study. Methods We followed-up 7,340 participants (57.5 percent women, mean age: 67 years) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. To assess dietary exposures, a validated 137-item semi-quantitative food- frequency questionnaire was administered. Dietary patterns were ascertained through a factor analysis based on 30 predefined food groups. Participants were classified according to tertiles of adherence to dietary pattern scores at baseline. Cox regression models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for mortality. Deaths were confirmed by review of medical records and consultation of the National Death Index.[Results]: We identified two major dietary patterns: the “Western” dietary pattern and “Mediterranean” dietary pattern. During follow- up, 337 participants died. Among deceased participants, the median age of death was 70 (6.5). After controlling for potential confounders including the intervention group, higher baseline adherence to a “Mediterranean” dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of all- cause mortality (adjusted HR for third tertile vs. first textile: 0.68; 95 la CI: 0.49—0.95) (p for trend 0.028). [Conclusion]: Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in elderly people at high cardiovascular risk

Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts reduces waist circumference and shifts lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern in subjects at high cardiovascular risk

[Objective]: The PREDIMED trial showed that Mediterranean diets supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced incident cardiovascular events compared to a control diet. Consumption of both supplemental foods has been associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol, but it is unknown whether they can shift lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern. We investigated changes in adiposity and lipoprotein subfractions after consumption of the PREDIMED diets.[Methods]: In a PREDIMED sub-cohort (n = 169), lipoprotein subclasses (particle concentrations and size) were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and after intervention for 1 year.[Results]: Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts showed significant reductions from baseline of waist circumference (mean [95% CI]; −5 cm [−7; −3]) and concentrations of medium-small (−27 nmol/l [−46; −8]) and very small LDL (−111 nmol/l [−180; −42]); decreased LDL particle number (a nuclear magnetic resonance-specific measurement) (−98 nmol/l [−184; −11]); and an increase of large LDL concentrations (54 nmol/l [18; 90]), with a net increase (0.2 nmol/l [0.1; 0.4]) of LDL size. The Mediterranean diets with olive oil and nuts increased large HDL concentrations (0.6 μM [0.0; 1.1] and 1.0 μM [0.4; 1.5], respectively). Compared to the other two intervention groups, participants in the nut-enriched diet showed significantly reduced waist circumference (p ≤ 0.006, both) and increased LDL size (p < 0.05, both).[Conclusion]: Lipoprotein subfractions are shifted to a less atherogenic pattern by consumption of Mediterranean diets enriched with nuts. The results contribute mechanistic evidence for the reduction of cardiovascular events observed in the PREDIMED trial.This study was funded in part by ISCIII (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, and FIS PS09/01292 and grant CNIC 06/2007 from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain. AS-V was supported by post-doctoral contract FIS CD07/0083. MF was supported by a joint contract of ISCIII and the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya), CP 06/00100

Human transcriptome response after Mediterranean diet consumption

Trabajo presentado en el IV Congress of International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics ISNN, celebrado en Pamplona (España) del 18 al 20 de noviembre de 2010.[Introduction]: Despite the benefits associated with healthy diets, data on the mechanisms by which these benefits are promoted are scarce. Our aim was to explore the global transcriptomic response of biological pathways related to cardiovascular disease associated with traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) intervention.[Methods]: The PREDIMED study is a large on-going, parallel, multicentre, randomized, controlled trial aimed at assessing the TMD effect on primary cardiovascular prevention. High cardiovascular risk participants were recruited and assigned to one of the following interventions: 1) TMD plus virgin olive oil (VOO); 2) TMD plus mixed nuts; or 3) low-fat diet (control group). In a sub sample of 30 volunteers of the PREDIMED-Barcelona Sur Centre, gene expression changes in peripheral mononuclear cells, after 3 months of intervention, were assessed by microarray analysis (Affymetrix) in which about 30,000 individual human genes were included. Crude and adjusted models for data analyses were performed separately in two different centres. Pearson´s correlation coefficients for log2ratio (post-intervention/pre-intervention value) and T-statistics were greater than 0.97. Gene ontology analyses were performed by Bioingenuity Software on genes with T-statistics ≥1.5 or ≥-1.5 after interventions.[Results]: Analyses of canonical pathways related with cardiovascular risk highlighted that: 1) MUFA versus PUFA rich diets (MUFA/PUFA ratio >3.5; TMD plus VOO and Low-fat) promoted changes in clusters of genes associated with cytokine and nuclear receptor signaling; and 2) TMD plus VOO promoted changes in blood pressure related pathways. In agreement with this, the greatest decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were observed after TMD plus VOO diet.[Conclusions]: One of the mechanisms by which MUFA rich diets, and particularly a TMD rich in virgin olive oil, can exert their health benefits is through an enhancement of the global transcriptomic response in pathways related with cardiovascular risk

Metabolomic pattern analysis after Mediterranean diet intervention in non-diabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a dietary pattern with beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an MD on urinary metabolome by comparing subjects at 1 and 3 years of follow-up, after an MD supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) or nuts (MD + Nuts), to those on advice to follow a control low-fat diet (LFD). Ninety-eight nondiabetic volunteers were evaluated, using metabolomic approaches, corresponding to MD + EVOO (n = 41), MD + Nuts (n = 27), or LFD (n = 30) groups. The 1H NMR urinary profiles were examined at baseline and after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. Multivariate data analysis (OSC-PLS-DA and HCA) methods were used to identify the potential biomarker discriminating groups, exhibiting a urinary metabolome separation between MD groups against baseline and LFD. Results revealed that the most prominent hallmarks concerning MD groups were related to the metabolism of carbohydrates (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, and cis-aconitate), creatine, creatinine, amino acids (proline, N-acetylglutamine, glycine, branched-chain amino acids, and derived metabolites), lipids (oleic and suberic acids), and microbial cometabolites (phenylacetylglutamine and p-cresol). Otherwise, hippurate, trimethylamine-N-oxide, histidine and derivates (methylhistidines, carnosine, and anserine), and xanthosine were predominant after LFD. The application of NMR-based metabolomics enabled the classification of individuals regarding their dietary pattern and highlights the potential of this approach for evaluating changes in the urinary metabolome at different time points of follow-up in response to specific dietary interventions

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet

© 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society[Background]: Observational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk. We conducted a randomized trial of this diet pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events.[Methods]: In a multicenter trial in Spain, we randomly assigned participants who were at high cardiovascular risk, but with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment, to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). Participants received quarterly individual and group educational sessions and, depending on group assignment, free provision of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, or small nonfood gifts. The primary end point was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). On the basis of the results of an interim analysis, the trial was stopped after a median follow-up of 4.8 years.[Results]: A total of 7447 persons were enrolled (age range, 55 to 80 years); 57% were women. The two Mediterranean-diet groups had good adherence to the intervention, according to self-reported intake and biomarker analyses. A primary end-point event occurred in 288 participants. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96) for the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil (96 events) and the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts (83 events), respectively, versus the control group (109 events). No diet-related adverse effects were reported.[Conclusions]: Among persons at high cardiovascular risk, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events.Supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140, to Dr. Estruch; RTIC RD 06/0045, to Dr. Martínez-González and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición [CIBERobn]), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, and P11/02505), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03), Fundación Mapfre 2010, Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151, CS2010-AP-111, and CS2011-AP-042), and Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011)

The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Biomarkers of Vascular Wall Inflammation and Plaque Vulnerability in Subjects with High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. A Randomized Trial

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. However, how the MD exerts its effects is not fully known. Aim: To assess the 12-month effects of two enhanced MDs compared to a low-fat diet on inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability in a subcohort of the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) study. Methods: A total of 164 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were randomized into three diet groups: MD supplemented with 50 mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (MD+EVOO) or 30 g/d of nuts (MD+Nuts) and a low-fat diet. Changes in classical cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability were measured after 12 months of intervention. Results: Compared to participants in the low-fat diet group, those receiving MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts showed a higher decrease in systolic (6 mmHg)and diastolic (3 mmHg) blood pressure (P = 0.02; both), as well as a reduction of 10% and 8% in LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.04), respectively. Patients in the MD+Nuts group showed a significant reduction of 34% in CD40 expression on monocyte surface compared to low-fat diet patients (P = 0.03). In addition, inflammatory biomarkers related to plaque instability such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were reduced by 45% and 35% and 95% and 90% in the MD+EVOO and MD+Nuts groups, respectively (P<0.05; all) compared to the low-fat diet group. Likewise, sICAM and Pselectin were also reduced by 50% and 27%, respectively in the MD+ EVOO group (P = 0.04) and P-selectin by 19% in MD+Nuts group (P = 0.04) compared to the low-fat diet group. Conclusions: Adherence to the MD is associated with an increase in serum markers of atheroma plaque stability which may explain, at least in part, the protective role of MD against ischemic heart disease

Waist-to-Height Ratio and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Elderly Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk

IntroductionSeveral anthropometric measurements have been associated with cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk conditions, such as hypertension or metabolic syndrome. Waist-to-height-ratio has been proposed as a useful tool for assessing abdominal obesity, correcting other measurements for the height of the individual. We compared the ability of several anthropometric measurements to predict the presence of type-2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome.Materials and MethodsIn our cross-sectional analyses we included 7447 Spanish individuals at high cardiovascular risk, men aged 55–80 years and women aged 60–80 years, from the PREDIMED study. Logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the odds ratio of presenting each cardiovascular risk factor according to various anthropometric measures. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to compare the predictive ability of these measurements.ResultsIn this relatively homogeneous cohort with 48.6% of type-2 diabetic individuals, the great majority of the studied anthropometric parameters were significantly and positively associated with the cardiovascular risk factors. No association was found between BMI and body weight and diabetes mellitus. The AUCs for the waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference were significantly higher than the AUCs for BMI or weight for type-2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Conversely, BMI was the strongest predictor of hypertension.ConclusionsWe concluded that measures of abdominal obesity showed higher discriminative ability for diabetes mellitus, high fasting plasma glucose, atherogenic dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome than BMI or weight in a large cohort of elderly Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. No significant differences were found between the predictive abilities of waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference on the metabolic disease

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and waist-to-height ratio among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial.

Trabajo presentado en European Congress of Epidemiology EUROEPI2012, celebrado en Oporto (Portugal) del 05 al 08 de septiembre de 2012.Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and waist-to-height ratio among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial